Surur, 60, who was extradited Sunday, pleaded not guilty through an interpreter at his arraignment and was ordered detained.
Authorities said 100 elephants and 35 rhinoceroses were illegally poached over a seven-year period beginning in 2012. The illegal merchandise procured by Surur and his co-defendants originated in countries such as Uganda, Guinea and Senegal and were sent to buyers in the United States and Southeast Asia, according to prosecutors.
Artwork, including African masks, and heroin were also transported by the alleged traffickers, prosecutors said.
“The enterprise is allegedly responsible for the illegal slaughter of dozens of rhinos and more than 100 elephants, both endangered species,” acting U.S. attorney Audrey Strauss said in a statement.
Two of Surur’s co-defendants, Moazu Kromah and Amara Cherif, were previously arrested and extradited from Uganda and Senegal, respectively. Another defendant, Abdi Hussein Ahmed, is a fugitive.
Surur, along with Kromah and Ahmed, allegedly interacted with a confidential source repeatedly to discuss potential ivory and horn deals. Law enforcement agents intercepted a package of rhinoceros horns sent to the source in 2018, items that were intended for a buyer believed to be in New York.
Surur faces up to life in prison on the top count — conspiracy related to heroin trafficking.
The investigation was handled by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Drug Enforcement Administration and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York.